Install custom Operating Systems on soyoustart.com
OVH has a budget offering called So you start. If you want to install an operating system, that is not covered by the automatic installation, or want to encrypt your server, or install Linux with ZFS on root, you can't use the provided installation mechanism. You can order a KVM over IP for additional costs to do the installation, or you can follow the following steps, to run the installation under Qemu/KVM. I took them from this forum entry:
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#to see if Raid devices are present and stop them cat /proc/mdstat mdadm --stop /dev/md0 mdadm --stop /dev/md1 #Second step is to get rid of the network drives, because they are read-only mount -t tmpfs -o size=6000m tmpfs /mnt # use 6GB of memory as temp - adjust as needed mkdir /mnt/var mkdir /mnt/var/cache mkdir /mnt/var/lib mkdir /mnt/var/run mkdir /mnt/usr mkdir /mnt/lib rsync -a /var/cache/ /mnt/var/cache/ rsync -a /var/lib/ /mnt/var/lib/ rsync -a /var/run/ /mnt/var/run/ rsync -a /usr/ /mnt/usr/ rsync -a /lib/ /mnt/lib/ mount -B /mnt/var/cache /var/cache mount -B /mnt/var/lib /var/lib mount -B /mnt/var/run /var/run mount -B /mnt/usr /usr #Update your system apt-get -y update apt-get -y --force-yes upgrade #Install qemu + kvm apt-get -y install qemu kvm |
Now that we have kvm installed, we can get for example an Ubuntu 14.04 Image and do the installation from there.
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wget http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04.1/ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso |
Now we start kvm with vnc support and do the installation from there:
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qemu-system-x86_64 -net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::80-:80 -m 2047M -alt-grab -localtime -enable-kvm -cpu kvm64,+nx -smp 2 -usbdevice tablet -k en-us -cdrom ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso -hda /dev/sda -hdb /dev/sdb -vnc 127.0.0.1:0 |
The VNC Server will listen on localhost only, so that no one else can access it. You need to tunnel yourself with SSH through.
This is also helpful to start your server under KVM, to fix any boot issues you might have.
Running Raspbian on Qemu with libvirt
I followed this great tutorial to get Raspbian running on Qemu. I have all my other virtual servers managed by libvirt, so I wanted to integrate the Raspbian Qemu instance into it.
Here is my working libvirt xml for a headless installation:
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<domain type='qemu' id='3' xmlns:qemu='http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/qemu/1.0'><!--We need the qemu extensions, to be able to set a custom cpu--> <name>arm1</name> <uuid>dde875c8-d86f-4aa2-abce-b76ee5cc1032</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>262144</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>262144</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <resource> <partition>/machine</partition> </resource> <os> <type arch='armv7l' machine='versatilepb'>hvm</type><!--libvirt does not know about armv6l, so use armv7l. The custom cpu setting will choose the correct architecture anyway--> <kernel>/var/lib/libvirt/boot/zImage_3.10.26_arm6l</kernel><!--The kernel from http://xecdesign.com/qemu-emulating-raspberry-pi-the-easy-way/ --> <cmdline>root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0</cmdline><!--Select the correct root file system from the Raspbian image. Also set the console, so that we can see something--> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-arm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/2014-01-07-wheezy-raspbian.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='scsi'/> <alias name='scsi0-0-2'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='2'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0'> <alias name='usb0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'> <alias name='pci.0'/> </controller> <controller type='scsi' index='0'> <alias name='scsi0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </controller> <interface type='network'> <mac address='52:54:00:50:2f:ce'/> <source network='default'/> <target dev='vnet0'/> <model type='smc91c111'/><!--This is the network card, supported by the raspberry pi--> <alias name='net0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <source path='/dev/pts/16'/> <target port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </serial> <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/16'> <source path='/dev/pts/16'/> <target type='serial' port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </console> <sound model='es1370'> <alias name='sound0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </sound> </devices> <qemu:commandline><!--we need to set a custom cpu--> <qemu:arg value='-cpu'/> <qemu:arg value='arm1176'/> </qemu:commandline> </domain> |
I took the kernel from the tutorial mentioned above, and also prepared the image according to the tutorial.
I haven't tried to get graphics support to work.
This xml works fine for me with Ubuntu 14.04 as host.
Ubuntu 13.10 LUKS Encypted ZFS Root on HP N54L
This guide installs a ZFS mirror on LUKs encrypted containers. This leads to a performance hit, since writing requires each block of data to be encrypted twice. Addituionally the HP N54L has no AES CPU instruction. All IO is very CPU bound after this. I get a write throughput of about 8M/s. I am using the system to receive ZFS backups via zfs send/receive over a DSL connection. This is working fine since the connection speed is much slower than the writing speed. This setup is not for you if you need faster write speeds.
I used the Ubuntu 13.10 64bit Desktop Live CD and copied it to an USB stick with dd. Creating the USB stick with tools like unetbootin will not work, since the HP N54L will think it is a floppy and halt at the syslinux stage.
Install the ZFS native repository for Ubuntu:
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apt-add-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/stable apt-get update apt-get install debootstrap ubuntu-zfs |
I have 2 WD Red 4 TB disks in the system. We need a small partition for grub and a small RAID for the unencrypted /boot partition. I create an additional very small raid, with a LUKS container inside, so that all keys can be derived from that. The rest of the space is for the LUKS container with a ZFS pool and the root filesystem inside.
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parted -a optimal /dev/sda mklabel gpt parted -a minimal /dev/sda mkpart primary 1MiB 2MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on parted -a optimal /dev/sda mkpart primary 2MiB 200MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sda set 2 raid on parted -a optimal /dev/sda mkpart primary 200MiB 220MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sda set 3 raid on parted -a optimal /dev/sda mkpart primary 220MiB 100% parted -a optimal /dev/sdb mklabel gpt parted -a minimal /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1MiB 2MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sdb set 1 bios_grub on parted -a optimal /dev/sdb mkpart primary 2MiB 200MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sdb set 2 raid on parted -a optimal /dev/sdb mkpart primary 200MiB 220MiB parted -a optimal /dev/sdb set 3 raid on parted -a optimal /dev/sdb mkpart primary 220MiB 100% |
Next we create the raid
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apt-get install mdadm --no-install-recommends mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md/0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 #Answer Yes, if asked for 1.x metadata format mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md/1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 #Answer Yes, if asked for 1.x metadata format |
And then create the LUKS containers
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cryptsetup luksFormat -l 512 -c aes-xts-plain64 -h sha512 /dev/md/1 cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md/1 cryptroot /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup -s 512 -c aes-xts-plain64 -h sha512 luksFormat /dev/sda4 /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda4 crypt1 /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup -s 512 -c aes-xts-plain64 -h sha512 luksFormat /dev/sdb4 /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb4 crypt2 |
Create the zpool
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zpool create -O mountpoint=none -o ashift=12 rpool mirror /dev/mapper/crypt1 /dev/mapper/crypt2 zfs create -o mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT zfs create -o mountpoint=none rpool/DATA zpool set bootfs=rpool/ROOT rpool zpool export rpool zpool import -R /mnt rpool |
install the base system
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debootstrap saucy /mnt mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev |
The HP N54L needs the uhci-hcd module in the initramfs. The release version of initramfs-tools is broken. There is an update in the proposed section, that fixes this. Without you won't be able to enter your password on boot.
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wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/154931909/initramfs-tools-bin_0.103ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/154931949/initramfs-tools_0.103ubuntu1.1_all.deb mv initramfs-tools* /mnt/ chroot /mnt /bin/bash --login dpkg -i initramfs-tools* exit |
Change into the new system
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chroot /mnt /bin/bash --login |
You are inside the new system now.
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/cryptroot mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 mount /dev/md0 /boot mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys ln -sf /dev/mapper/cryptroot /dev/cryptroot ln -sf /dev/mapper/crypt1 /dev/crypt1 ln -sf /dev/mapper/crypt2 /dev/crypt2 locale-gen $LANG locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 apt-get update apt-get install software-properties-common apt-add-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/stable apt-add-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/grub #At the time of writing, no saucy ifs grub was released, edit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zfs-native-grub-saucy.list to use the raring version sed -i 's|saucy|raring|' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zfs-native-grub-saucy.list apt-get update apt-get install linux-image-server linux-headers-server ubuntu-minimal #skip installation of grub for now apt-get install ubuntu-zfs cryptsetup apt-get install mdadm --no-install-recommends apt-get install grub-pc mountall #grub will be downgraded grub-install /dev/sda grub-install /dev/sdb apt-get install zfs-initramfs echo "cryptroot UUID=$(blkid /dev/md/1 -s UUID -o value) none luks">> /etc/crypttab echo "crypt1 UUID=$(blkid /dev/sda4 -s UUID -o value) cryptroot luks,keyscript=/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived" >> /etc/crypttab echo "crypt2 UUID=$(blkid /dev/sdb4 -s UUID -o value) cryptroot luks,keyscript=/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived" >> /etc/crypttab echo "UUID=$(blkid /dev/md0 -s UUID -o value) /boot ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=4,data=ordered 0 0"> /etc/fstab #we need a fake root system so that the crypt tools get added to the initramfs #we cannot use /dev/mapper/cryptroot, since the initramfs is missing the derived script then... echo "/dev/mapper/crypt1 / none none 0 0">> /etc/fstab echo "target=cryptroot,source=UUID=$(blkid /dev/md/1 -s UUID -o value),key=none,rootdev"> /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/cryptroot echo "target=crypt1,source=UUID=$(blkid /dev/sda4 -s UUID -o value),key=cryptroot,keyscript=/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived,rootdev" >> /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/cryptroot echo "target=crypt2,source=UUID=$(blkid /dev/sdb4 -s UUID -o value),key=cryptroot,keyscript=/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived,rootdev" >> /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/cryptroot update-initramfs -u -k all sed -i 's|GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"|GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="noplymouth"|' /etc/default/grub update-grub adduser <myuser> adduser <myuser> sudo /etc/init.d/mdadm stop umount /boot umount /sys umount /proc exit |
You are back in the host system now
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umount /mnt/dev zpool export rpool reboot |
Rescue Mode
Boot the lived again and then:
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apt-add-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/stable apt-get update apt-get install debootstrap ubuntu-zfs apt-get install mdadm --no-install-recommends mdadm --assemble /dev/md/0 mdadm --assemble /dev/md/1 cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md/1 cryptroot /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda4 crypt1 /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/decrypt_derived cryptroot | cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb4 crypt2 zpool import -R /mnt rpool mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev chroot /mnt /bin/bash --login mount /dev/md0 /boot mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys ln -sf /dev/mapper/cryptroot /dev/cryptroot ln -sf /dev/mapper/crypt1 /dev/crypt1 ln -sf /dev/mapper/crypt2 /dev/crypt2 |
To leave the system again:
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umount /boot umount /sys umount /proc exit umount /mnt/dev zpool export rpool |
Optionally unlock your server via SSH
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apt-add-repository universe apt-get update apt-get install openssh-server #make sure that openssh-server is installed before dropbear apt-get install dropbear #use the same host key in initramfs as in real system cp /etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key /etc/initramfs-tools/etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key cp /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key /etc/initramfs-tools/etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key #add your public keys to /etc/initramfs-tools/root/.ssh/authorized_keys |
Add the file /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/unlock with the following contents:
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#!/bin/sh -e PREREQS="" prereqs() { echo "$PREREQS"; } case "$1" in prereqs) prereqs exit 0 ;; esac ## hook-functions provides copy_exec() . /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions echo "/sbin/cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md/1 cryptroot">$DESTDIR/bin/unlock echo 'kill $(pidof cryptsetup)'>>$DESTDIR/bin/unlock echo 'kill $(pidof plymouth)'>>$DESTDIR/bin/unlock chmod a+x $DESTDIR/bin/unlock |
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chmod a+x /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/unlock update-initramfs -u -k all |
You can now log into your initramfs during boot via shh with the root user and unlock the disks by calling:
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unlock exit |
Final remarks
You should probably backup your LUKs headers and store them in a safe place:
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cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/md/1 --header-backup-file md1.luks cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/sda4 --header-backup-file sda4.luks cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/sdb4 --header-backup-file sdb4.luks |
If you have sugustions on how to improve this setup, feel free to post them in the comments.
Sources
http://www.larsko.org/ZfsUbuntu
http://blog.neutrino.es/2011/unlocking-a-luks-encrypted-root-partition-remotely-via-ssh/
CR004 – Windows Phone 8 – Lorem ipsum
Einleitung
* Hatte das mal als 30 Tage Podcast geplant
* Habe nicht die Häufigkeit geschaft die ich wollte
* Werde einfach sporadisch weitermachen, wenn mir was auffällt
Kalendar:
* Monatsansicht - ohne Worte
Benachrichtigungen:
* Keine Übersicht über alle Benachrichtigungen
* Markierungen nur in den Kacheln
* Einstellungen nur in den Apps, nicht global
Entwicklung:
* kostenlose Version von Visual Studio für Windows Phone Entwicklung
* Testen auf dem Gerät nur mit Entwickleraccount, zur Zeit 15€
* Emulator braucht Virtualisierungssupport
** VmWare und Parallels sollen gehen mit spezieller Konfiguration
** VirtualBox hat kein nested Virtualisation
** KVM hat nested Virtualisation, aber kann eigene Virtualisierng nicht verstecken
* Entwicklung ist sonst mit Virtualisiertem WIndows kein Problem
* C# ist aus der Java Welt kommend leicht zu lernen
* Grafischer GUI Builder
* komische Beschränkungen im WebbrowserControl
** kein PDF
** keine SVGs, CSS und Javascripts als Link im HTML vom isolated storage
** Aber SVG direkt vom isolated Storage geht
** SVG inline in HTML ist kaputt
* Audio vom isolated Storage
CR003 – Windows Phone 8 – Tag 10
Allgemein:
- Listen schieben sich zusammen, wenn man ans Ende gelangt
- Standartdesign beim HTC:
- Rot auf schwarz, ist hässlich
- Weißer Hintergrund ist zu hell
- Ohne Home Button, daher Telefon oft falsch rum und finde dann den Anknopf nicht
- IMAP-Ordner für Papierkorb, Drafts und Gesendete Emails lassen sich nicht auswählen
- keine Möglichkeit Apps in Ordnern zu Organisieren
- Nur wichtige Apps als Kachel auf den Startscreen
- alle anderen sind in einer Liste
- Suchknopf macht nur Websuche, Musik? und Barcodes
- Suche nach Applikationen nur in der Applikationsliste
- Suche nach Kontakten nur in der Kontakte App
- Spiele ignorieren (oft?) Mute Einstellung
Store und Spiele:
- Demoversionen möglich
- Gefühlt unübersichtlich
- War verwirrt über Spielekategorie Xbox
- dachte man bräuchte da eine Xbox zu, tut man aber nicht
- Ist das was bei Apple Game Center ist
- Spiele werden in eine Spielesammlung installiert
- Entählt auch die Achievements
- Musicapp sagt es gäbe Podcasts im Store
- finde aber keine
- finde auch sonst keine Möglichkeit Podcasts hinzuzufügen
- RSS Links öffnen im IE und zeigen XML
CR002 – Windows Phone 8 – Tag 4
Allgemein:
- Links Rechts Swipe zum View wechseln
- In Listen Kontextmenü mit Tap und Hold
- Kein Pull to refresh
- Kinderecke
- nach Rechts swipen
- Beliebige Applikationen können abgelegt werden
- ohne Passcode
- auch nützlich ohne Kinder, z.B. Taschenlampe
- Dateizugriff unter Linux
Software updates:
- Keine informationen von welcher auf welche Version
- Keine Release Notes
- OTA
Kalendar:
- Nicht zu gebrauchen
- Keine Wochenansicht
- Monatsansicht
- alles viel zu klein
- keine Kalendarfarben
- Tagesansicht
- Tagesübergreifende Termine: Man sieht das da was ist, aber nicht was
- Unendlich durchscrollen
- Aus Lockscreen wird der nächste Termin gezeigt
- CalDAV/CardDAV soll nur für Google Accounts kommen
Accessing the Windows Phone 8X by HTC from Linux
Currently the "Windows Phone 8X by HTC" (what a stupid name) is not supported under Linux.
If you are using Ubuntu Raring, you can use my PPA, where I have patched the USB ID of the WP8X: https://launchpad.net/~markus-tisoft/+archive/wp8x
On other systems you can compile the libmtp yourself. Download the libmtp sources and apply the following patch:
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diff --git a/src/music-players.h b/src/music-players.h index fedda12..deb9cdd 100644 --- a/src/music-players.h +++ b/src/music-players.h @@ -471,6 +471,9 @@ { "Microsoft", 0x045e, "Zune", 0x0710, DEVICE_FLAG_NONE }, // Reported by Olegs Jeremejevs { "Microsoft/HTC", 0x045e, "HTC 8S", 0xf0ca, DEVICE_FLAG_NONE }, + // Reported by Markus Heberling + { "Microsoft/HTC", 0x0bb4, "Windows Phone 8X by HTC", 0x0ba1, DEVICE_FLAG_NONE }, + /* * JVC |
After installing the new libmtp version, your phone should be detected and you can explore it with Nautilus. Make sure your phone is not locked with a PIN while attaching the USB cable, it wouldn't work for me in that case.
I have submitted the patch upstream, so hopefully it will be included in the next version.
CR001 – Windows Phone 8
Ich habe ein neues Firmenhandy: Ein Windows Phone 8 Gerät von HTC. In diesem Podcast beschreibe ich meine ersten Eindrücke.
ZFS im Hetzner Rescue System
Ich betreibe einen Rootserver bei Hetzner, der mittels ZFS on Linux komplett unter ZFS läuft. Wenn man da was kaputt macht kommt man mit dem Hetzner Rescue System nicht weit, weil das kein ZFS unterstützt. Es ist aber sehr einfach das nachzuinstallieren:
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wget http://archive.zfsonlinux.org/debian/pool/main/z/zfsonlinux/zfsonlinux_1%7Ewheezy_all.deb dpkg -i zfsonlinux_1~wheezy_all.deb apt-get update apt-get install debian-zfs |
Jetzt ist ZFS installiert und man kann seinen pool importieren:
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zpool import -R /mnt/ rpool -f -N zfs mount -a mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc/ mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys/ mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev/ chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash mount -a |
Danach ist man im gechrooteten Original System und kann seine kaputte Konfiguration reparieren. /dev, /proc, /sys sind gemounted, so dass auch zum Beispiel der Bootloader neu geschrieben kann, wenn man sich den mal zerschossen hat, was mit ZFS on root durchaus mal vorkommen kann.
Bevor ich das System neu starte teste ich das ganze dann gerne nochmal schell in einer virtuellen maschine, um sicher zu sein, dass auch alles wieder startet. Dazu muss vorher die chroot-Umgebung verlassen und unmounted werden:
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umount -a umount /proc umount /sys umount /dev exit zfs umount -a |
Danach kann man sein System in kvm starten und schauen ob es wieder bootet:
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kvm -vnc :0 -boot c -drive file=/dev/sda,cache=none -drive file=/dev/sdb,cache=none -m 4G |
Java auf dem Uberspace
Java ist auf dem Uberspace nicht vorinstalliert. Kann man aber total einfach selbst installieren:
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toast add http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u17-b02/jdk-7u17-linux-x64.tar.gz toast get jdk toast build jdk toast arm jdk |
Das war es schon. Danach ist Java installiert und kann benutzt werden. Aber bitte beachten, dass es sich um einen Shared Host handelt, also nicht zu verschwenderisch mit CPU und RAM umgehen.